Puppeteer - NodeJS Scraping

Puppeteer

Puppeteer Hauptseite.

Links

https://pptr.dev/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CngYXf9aeg8&list=PLGreOtbNU07rDURvnQpDaT3XokxlranUQ
https://blog.risingstack.com/pdf-from-html-node-js-puppeteer/
https://advancedweb.hu/how-to-speed-up-puppeteer-scraping-with-parallelization/
https://jsoverson.medium.com/using-chrome-devtools-protocol-with-puppeteer-737a1300bac0 *

Quickstart

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sag-Hz9jJNg

Voraussetzung: VisualStudioCode, NodeJS installiert

Ordner erstellen und NodeJS Projekt starten

Terminal

npm init -y
npm install puppeteer

Installiert auch Chromium. Schau mal in die package.json

Als Basis kommt fast immer ein Konstrukt ähnlich dem folgenden zum Einsatz. Im Wesentlichen passiert folgendes:

index.js erstellen. Puppeteer laden mit asynchroner Funktion. Diese Funktion

const puppeteer = require("puppeteer"); //pup
(async () => {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({headless: true}); // open a new browser - headless (default) or with displaying
  const page = await browser.newPage();  // open a new tab
  await page.goto("https://schlegel.media/"); // navigate to a url
  // do s.th.
  await browser.close(); // close the browser
}) ();

Beispiel Screenshot von Seite anfertigen:

const puppeteer = require("puppeteer");
(async () => {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({headless: false}) // launch can launch headless or with displaying
  const page = await browser.newPage() // open new tab in browser
  await page.goto("https://schlegel.media")
  await page.screenshot({path: "screenshot.png"})

  await browser.close()
}) ();

Starten mit

node index.js

Beispiel Skripte

Hinweis: Da die Skripte in diesem Setup keine ES Module sind, gab es bei mir Probleme in Node wenn man die Strichpunkte weglässt.

DOM Elemente scrapen mit evaluate

Zum Scrapen bietet sich die evaluate Funk

const puppeteer = require("puppeteer")
(async () => {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({headless: false}) // launch can launch headless or with displaying
  const page = await browser.newPage() // open new tab in browser
  await page.goto("https://schlegel.media")

  const grabSlogan = await page.evaluate( () => {
    const slogan = document.querySelector(".uk-text-lead")
    //return slogan.innerHTML // with html tags
    return slogan.innerText // only the text
  })

  console.log(grabSlogan)
  await browser.close()
}) ()

// grab multiple elements

//... wie oben
  const grabList = await page.evaluate( () => {
    const listTags = document.querySelectorAll(".uk-nav-default li")
    let listItems = []
    listTags.forEach((tag) => {
      listItems.push(tag.innerText)
    })

    return listItems
  })
  console.log(grabList)

Komplexere DOM-Zugriffe

const puppeteer = require("puppeteer");
(async () => {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({headless: false}); // launch can launch headless or with displaying
  const page = await browser.newPage(); // open new tab in browser
  await page.goto("https://quotes.toscrape.com/");

  const grab = await page.evaluate( () => {
    let arrElements = [];
    const quotes = document.querySelectorAll(".quote");
    quotes.forEach( (quote) => {
      const quoteSpans = quote.querySelectorAll("span");
      const quoteText = quoteSpans[0].innerHTML;
      const quoteAuthor = quoteSpans[1].querySelector("small").innerHTML;
      arrElements.push({'quote': quoteText, 'author': quoteAuthor});
    });
    return arrElements;
  });

  console.log(grab);
  await browser.close();
}) ();

User actions simulieren

const puppeteer = require("puppeteer");
(async () => {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({headless: false}); // launch can launch headless or with displaying
  const page = await browser.newPage(); // open new tab in browser
  await page.goto("https://quotes.toscrape.com/");

  await page.click('a[href="/login"]'); // click login link
  await page.type('#username','myUserName',{delay:300});
  await page.type('#password','mySecret');
  await page.click('input[type="submit"]');
  //await browser.close();
}) ();

Computed Styles von DOM Elementen auslesen

Styles eines DOM Elements finden. Hier nutzen wir mal die $eval Funktion.

const puppeteer = require("puppeteer");
(async () => {

  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({headless: true}); // launch can launch headless or with displaying
  const page = await browser.newPage(); // open new tab in browser
  await page.goto("https://schlegel.media/");

  // get styles of element
  const myStyles = await page.$eval('body', el => getComputedStyle(el).getPropertyValue('font-family')
  );
  console.log(myStyles);

  await browser.close();
}) ();

Hinweis: Handle Functions sind nicht so performant aber eher menschenähnlich. Bei einem Klick würde der Browser tatsächlich die Maus bewegen statt einfach einen Klick Event zu senden.

Evaluate Version - besser zu debuggen Unterschiede in der Ausführung. Siehe: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55664420/page-evaluate-vs-puppeteer-methods

const puppeteer = require("puppeteer");
(async () => {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({headless: true}); // launch can launch headless or with displaying
  const page = await browser.newPage(); // open new tab in browser
  await page.goto("https://schlegel.media/");

  // get styles of element
  const getStyles = await page.evaluate( () =>{
    const el = document.querySelector('body');
    const myStyle = getComputedStyle(el).getPropertyValue('font-family');
    return myStyle
  });
  console.log(getStyles);

  await browser.close();
}) ();

So kann man alle Styles auslesen:

const puppeteer = require("puppeteer");
(async () => {

  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({headless: true}); // launch can launch headless or with displaying
  const page = await browser.newPage(); // open new tab in browser
  await page.goto("https://schlegel.media/");

  // get styles of element
  const getStyles = await page.evaluate( () =>{
    const el = document.querySelector('p');
    //const myStyle = getComputedStyle(el).getPropertyValue('font-family'); // get a specific style
    const stylesObject = getComputedStyle(el);
    const myStyles = {};
    for (const prop in stylesObject) {
      if(stylesObject.hasOwnProperty(prop)){ // filter out 
        myStyles[prop] = stylesObject[prop];
      }
    }
    //return myStyle;
    return myStyles;
  });
  console.log(getStyles);

  await browser.close();
}) ();

PDF generieren

Siehe auch

https://blog.risingstack.com/pdf-from-html-node-js-puppeteer/

const puppeteer = require("puppeteer");
(async () => {

  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({headless: true}); // launch can launch headless or with displaying
  const page = await browser.newPage(); // open new tab in browser
  await page.goto("https://schlegel.media/");

  // print pdf
  await page.pdf({
    path: "myWebsite.pdf", // mandatory - rest ist optional
    format: 'A4', // default is letter
    margin: {
      top: '100px',
      bottom: '100px'
    },
    printBackground: true,
    displayHeaderFooter: true,
    headerTemplate: `<p style="font-size: 10px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0 auto;"><span class="title"></span></p>`,
    footerTemplate: `<p style="font-size:10px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0 auto;"><span class="pageNumber"></span> of <span class="totalPages"></span></p>`
  })

  await browser.close();
}) ();

Crawl multiple pages

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46293216/crawling-multiple-urls-in-a-loop-using-puppeteer

page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(0); // prevent timeout after 30s.
//...
urls = ['url','url','url'...]

for (let i = 0; i < urls.length; i++) {
    const url = urls[i];
    await page.goto(`${url}`);
    await page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
}

Input- und Output-Files

https://github.com/Zrce/puppeteer-coverage-report-test/blob/master/index.js
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59981135/puppeteer-iterate-over-a-csv-file-and-screenshot-for-each-row

CSV Datei mit URLs abarbeiten - seriell/parallel Puppeteer - CSV Datei sequentiell / parallel a abarbeiten (Beispiel)

Zertifikate und Puppeteer

Puppeteer - Zertifikate handeln

Network Request Control

https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/examples/block-images.js
Puppeteer - RequestInterception