Linux - Snippets

User und Rechte

Als Superuser arbeiten

sudo su

oder

sudo [kommando]

Dateien

Linux - tar

Downloads mit cURL

http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/04/curl-examples/

Dateien komprimieren mit gz

Eine Datei komprimieren

gzip file

Ergbnis: file.gz

Datei dekomprimieren:

gunzip file

Dateien in einem komprimierten Archiv zusammenfassen:

tar cfvz archiv.tar.gz inhalt1 inhalt2

Ergebnis: archiv.tar.gz

Archiv dekomprimieren und auspacken:

tar xfvz archiv.tar.gz

Suchen und finden

ps ax | grep ssh
ps aux | grep mysql

ls -altr

Prozesse

Top

http://man.openbsd.org/top.1

Prozesse auflisten

top
top 	[-1bCHIinqSu] [-d count] [-g string] [-o [-]field] [-p pid] [-s time] [-U [-]user] [number]

top -c -p $(pgrep -d',' -f string_to_match_in_cmd_line)

Filter by commandname: top -p expects a comma separated list of pids so we use -d',' in pgrep. The -f flag in pgrep makes it match the command line instead of program name.

top -u [user]

Shortcuts für Top Interactive Mode

h | ?
    Display a summary of the commands (help screen).
^L
    Redraw the screen.
<space>
    Update the screen.
q
    Quit top.

+
    Reset any filters put in place by the ‘g’, ‘p’, and ‘u’ interactive commands, or their command line equivalents, or any process highlighting put in place by the ‘P’ interactive command.
1
    Toggle the display of per CPU or combined CPU statistics.
C
    Toggle the display of process command line arguments.
d count
    Show only count displays, then exit.
e
    Display a list of system errors (if any) generated by the last kill or renice command.
g string
    Display only processes that contain string in their command name. If displaying of arguments is enabled, the arguments are searched too. ‘g+’ shows all processes.
H
    Toggle the display of process threads.
I | i
    Toggle the display of idle processes.
k [-sig] pid
    Send signal -sig (TERM by default) to process pid. This acts similarly to the command kill(1).
n|# count
    Show count processes.
o [-]field
    Sort the process display area using the specified field as the primary key. The ‘-’ prefix reverses the order. Values are the same as for the -o flag, as detailed above.
P pid
    Highlight a specific process, selected by pid. ‘P+’ removes process highlighting.
p pid
    Show only the process pid. ‘p+’ shows all processes.
r count pid
    Change the priority (the nice) of a list of processes to count for process pid. This acts similarly to the command renice(8).
S
    Toggle the display of system processes.
s time
    Set the delay between screen updates to time seconds.
u [-]user
    Show only those processes owned by username or UID user. ‘u+’ shows processes belonging to all users. The ‘-’ prefix hides processes belonging to a single user. 

Skripte

Datenbank sichern

#!/bin/bash

DATUM=`date +%d.%m.%Y_%a%H-%M`
MYSQLPATH=/usr/bin/
DBUSER=diensthandyadm
DBNAME=diensthandy
DBPASS=MeinPasswort
BACKUPDIR="/serv/www/diensthandy.dekra.com/bak/db"

# dump database
#/usr/bin/mysqldump --all-databases -u diensthandyadm -pMeinPasswort > $BACKUPDIR/"diensthandy_$DATUM.sql"
${MYSQLPATH}mysqldump $DBNAME -u $DBUSER -p${DBPASS} > ${BACKUPDIR}/${DBNAME}_${DATUM}.sql

/bin/gzip ${BACKUPDIR}/"${DBNAME}_${DATUM}.sql"

# delete older

find $BACKUPDIR -type f -mtime +4 -exec rm {} \;

Backup Skript

#!/bin/bash
###############################################################################
# Skript legt ein Backup der aktuellen Dateien im webverzeichnis an 
# und holt sich eine neue Version vom Produktivserver
##############################################################################
datum=`date`
BACKUPDIR="/serv/www/diensthandy.dekra.com/bak"
WEBDIR="/serv/www/diensthandy.dekra.com/data"
ADMINMAIL="schlegel@geo-bit.de"
BETREFF="DEKRA Diensthandy -  Produktivserver Kopie"

# Webdateien verschieben/sichern (alte Kopie löschen)
#rm -rf $BACKUPDIR/data/*
#mv $WEBDIR/* $BACKUPDIR/data/
#echo "--- Webverzeichnis gesichert ---"

# Kopie von Produktivserver holen
# scp -r schlegel@212.9.188.227:/serv/www/diensthandy.dekra.de/data/* $WEBDIR/.
# echo "--- Kopie von Produktivserver geholt ---"

# Config-zurückspielen
cp $BACKUPDIR/data/includes/configure.php $WEBDIR/includes/
cp $BACKUPDIR/data/admin/includes/configure.php $WEBDIR/admin/includes/
echo "--- Konfigurationsdateien kopiert ---"

# Cache Verzeichnisse löschen
rm -rf $WEBDIR/cache/*
rm -rf $WEBDIR/templates_c/*
# Rechte anpassen

chmod 775 -R $WEBDIR/*
chmod 777 -R $WEBDIR/cache
chmod 777 -R $WEBDIR/templates_c
chmod 444 $WEBDIR/includes/configure.php
chmod 444 $WEBDIR/admin/includes/configure.php

echo "--- Rechte angepasst ---"